Even after long negotiations with States, and with a truncated schedule, the Centre has found it difficult to relaunch domestic flights. Several were cancelled on the first day services were resumed after being frozen on March 25. Some Chief Ministers, notably Uddhav Thackeray in Maharashtra and Edappadi Palaniswami in Tamil Nadu expressed apprehension about a premature resumption of civil aviation, as the spread of COVID-19 is unrelenting, and quarantine monitoring has its limits. The experience of flight cancellations, passenger frustration and low capacity among States to track thousands of passengers should prompt a rethink on scheduled flights. Access to emergency air travel in a large country is a legitimate expectation, and a targeted programme run efficiently can meet that need, without induced demand produced by commercial flights. Going back to the drawing board to draft a plan for emergency travel, using documentation and aggregation of such passengers may be the short-term option. The risks associated with domestic aviation have multiplied due to early missteps in several States: mass gatherings, political events and consumer crowding for panic buying have resulted in major transmission clusters. The trajectory of fresh COVID-19 cases shows that this was aggravated by the bungled response to the concerns of migrant labour, exposing thousands of workers and their communities to infection. Understandably, States, which have denied the presence of community transmission, want to reduce the pace at which they must monitor newly arriving individuals.

Enabling scheduled travel through national policy, whether by air or rail, could be seen as a reasonable effort only when State governments are fully prepared, and adopt a uniform code of practice. Within the lockdown, the virus crisis has snowballed only in States such as Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat, and in Delhi, but that picture could change with the operation of daily flights, a couple of hundred scheduled trains from June 1 and the large number of promised Shramik Special trains for migrant workers. It is essential, therefore, for States to adopt a coordinated approach on quarantine and testing. Travel choices, in the present phase, should be designed to discourage optional journeys. Moreover, passengers on all flights, including relief flights, could have a lower risk if airlines and the government keep the middle seats vacant as decided on March 23 by the DGCA. There is no reason to think that the pandemic has begun to wane. The global aviation map shows that even market economies placing great emphasis on individual freedoms have severely limited travel, making exceptions only for returning citizens. Relaxing travel must be preceded by focused containment measures and an agreed protocol for States.

1. resumption (noun) – restarting, recommencement, relaunch/restoration.
2. consensus (noun) – an idea or opinion that is shared by all the people in a group; agreement, concurrence.
3. truncated (adjective) – shorten, cut short, reduced, decreased.
4. resume (verb) – restart, recommence, begin/start again.
5. freeze (verb) – stop, halt, cease, terminate.
6. notably (adverb) – especially, particularly.
7. apprehension (noun) – concern, worry, uneasiness.
8. premature (adjective) – untimely, early, too soon/too early; ill-timed, hasty.
9. unrelenting (adjective) – continuous, persistent, unceasing/unabating, unstoppable.
10. quarantine (noun) – a process of separating out people, animals and things (such as plants) from others for a period of time in order to control/restrict the spread of a contagious disease; Quarantine is imposed to separate and restrict the movement of persons, who may have been exposed to infectious disease, but not yet known to be ill.
11. frustration (noun) – disappointment, annoyance/irritation, dissatisfaction.
12. legitimate (adjective) – valid, reasonable, reliable.
13. induced demand (noun) – generated demand; induced demand is generated by improvements made to transportation infrastructure. (In urbanism, “induced demand” refers to the idea that increasing roadway capacity encourages more people to drive, thus failing to improve congestion).
14. back to the drawing board (phrase) – used to indicate a new idea/plan has to be formed as the old one is not working well.
15. aggregation (noun) – “coming together” to form a group/cluster; the joining of multiple things together.
16. multiply (verb) – increase (more and more rapidly).
17. misstep (noun) – mistake, blunder, false step.
18. panic buying (noun) – the buying of essential commodities (products such as rice, wheat, vegetables/fruits, hand sanitizers & etc,.) in large quantities due to rumours causing forthcoming shortages.
19. trajectory (noun) – direction, route, path/way.
20. aggravate (verb) – worsen, compound, exacerbate, increase, intensify.
21. bungled (adjective) – mishandled, mismanaged, messed up/screwed up.
22. expose (verb) – make vulnerable, make subject, lay open.
23. community transmission (noun) – community spread/transmission means spread of an illness/disease for which the source of infection is unknown. An infected person has no travel history to an affected area and no known contact with a person previously diagnosed with a particular disease. It is possible the patient is exposed to a returning traveler who is infected.
24. local transmission (cluster) (noun) – local spread/transmission means spread of an illness/disease for which the source of infection is known. An infected person has travel history to an affected area. We could able to identify and trace individual cases, and ring-fence a cluster (of them) to prevent the spread of infection.
25. code of practice (noun) – a set of guidelines adopted on by a group (to do a particular work).
26. lockdown (noun) – an emergency protocol implemented by the authorities that prevents people from leaving from a place; An extended state of confinement/encirclement/isolation of a person by the authority.
27. snowball (verb) – increase, rise, escalate rapidly.
28. picture (noun) – situation, condition, circumstances.
29. design (verb) – originate, create, plan, formulate, think up.
30. moreover (adverb) – besides, furthermore, in addition.
31. pandemic (noun) – the worldwide spread of a new disease; The illness spreads around the world and typically affects a large number of people across a wide area.
32. wane (verb) – decrease, decline, diminish/dwindle.
33. market economy (noun) – a type of economic system where supply and demand regulate the economy, rather than government intervention.
34. emphasis (noun) – importance, insistence, priority.
35. precede (verb) – come/go before, pave the way for, lead to.
36. containment (noun) – an act of keeping something (harmful) under control (it means quickly identifying cases of coronavirus through testing, placing infected individuals in isolation, tracking who infected persons might have been in contact with and potentially quarantining those who came into contact with infection so that the disease doesn’t continue to spread).
37. protocol (noun) – procedure, rules of conduct.